Alignment control using visual servoing and mobilenet single-shot multi-box detection (SSD): a review

The concept is highly critical for robotic technologies that rely on visual feedback. In this context, robot systems tend to be unresponsive due to reliance on pre-programmed trajectory and path, meaning the occurrence of a change in the environment or the absence of an object. This review paper aims to provide comprehensive studies on the recent application of visual servoing and DNN. PBVS and Mobilenet-SSD were chosen algorithms for alignment control of the film handler mechanism of the portable x-ray system. It also discussed the theoretical framework features extraction and description, visual servoing, and Mobilenet-SSD. Likewise, the latest applications of visual servoing and DNN was summarized, including the comparison of Mobilenet-SSD with other sophisticated models. As a result of a previous study presented, visual servoing and MobileNet-SSD provide reliable tools and models for manipulating robotics systems, including where occlusion is present. Furthermore, effective alignment control relies significantly on visual servoing and deep neural reliability, shaped by different parameters such as the type of visual servoing, feature extraction and description, and DNNs used to construct a robust state estimator. Therefore, visual servoing and MobileNet-SSD are parameterized concepts that require enhanced optimization to achieve a specific purpose with distinct tools

A PC-based controller for the computer numerically-controlled (CNC) laser machine

This study presents the development of a PC-based controller for the 3-axis computer numerically-controlled (CNC) LASER machine. This includes the use of an MK-II motion controller board in controlling the three (3) Ezi-Servo stepper motors and in enabling the LASER output from the Synrad firestar f201. The LASER power output is controlled using a developed PWM controller. The machine was tested both in functional and performance testing. In terms of performance, it can cut mild steel and stainless steel with thickness of 2 mm and 1 mm, respectively. PLT extension file was used for the g-code toolpath of the CNC LASER machine system

A fuzzy-pulse width modulation (PWM) control algorithm for a computer numerical control (CNC) laser machine

Laser, or light amplification through stimulated emission of radiation, is widely used in industry in cutting tools due to superior cut quality, shorter cutting time, less operating cost and better aesthetics due to cleanliness. Computer numerical control (CNC) technology has been integrated to laser systems to further give the cutting process flexibility and faster cutting production. To maintain good cut quality, it is extremely critical to maintain a stable discharge of the beam from the glass tube throughout the entire power range in each portion of the cutting table. The stable beam discharge poses a problem in significantly large cutting tables because of beam divergence in which the beam diameter increases over distance travelled. This paper presents a fuzzy-pulse width modulation (PWM) control algorithm for the laser power and compensate for the changing distance travelled by the beam through the optics of the cutting System. The control algorithm was simulated through MATLAB and was integrated in the CNC laser cutting machine using a microcontroller. The system was evaluated through the comparison of performance before and after the implementation of intelligent algorithm. Based on the two sets of data, the experimental results significantly show higher performance with the fuzzy- PWM control algorithm implemented in laser cutting system. © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved

An low-cost integrated control system for the 3-axis computer numerical control (CNC) router machine

A computer numerically-controlled (CNC) router is a machine that can create objects from wood and to any nonferrous metals. This study presents the development of a low-cost controller for the 3-axis CNC router machine. The controller unit is considered to be the heart of any CNC systems. It provides a link between the computer and drivers for motors. The developed controller is capable of digitally-controlling the mechanical motion of the three (3) axes (X, Y and Z) and the output of the 2.2-kW spindle motor. This includes the use of a digital signal processing (DSP) based motion controller board for X, Y and Z axes and the variable frequency drive (VFD) for the spindle. The controller was tested, both functionality and performance, by running different CAD programs in the CNC router. TAP extension file was the format used for the g-code toolpath of the CNC router machine. © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved

Optimization of microwave vacuum dryer design parameters using CST microwave studio for low-moisture food application

This study presents an optimized design of a microwave vacuum dryer (MVD) for rice bran stabilization addressing the problem with uneven heat distribution leading to scorching. Primarily, this study concentrates in further optimizing dimension of the chamber, orientation of the microwave generators, material volumes, and control system parameters. Using CST Microwave Studio simulation software, it is seen that the best design for a 30-L MV chamber operating at 2.45 GHz is a cylindrical chamber with a radius of 202mm, length of 400mm, and with 2 perpendicular feeders located near the ends of the chamber. For varying material volumes (50%, 70%, & 90%), the results show that overall, the 50% yielded the highest energy field, energy distribution, and absorption rate. However, all the models yielded results that are not very far from the other models. This means that the vacuum dryer design performs well at whatever level the material container is filled at. As for the control system of an MVD for rice bran, the parameters are soon to be established. Nevertheless, this study presents an overview of initial PLC schematic diagram that is partially tested for motor control which proved that parameters can be monitored and controlled

Design and finite element analysis of customized local road vehicles (CLRV): The case for the tricycle and the Philippine jeepney

Customized local road vehicles (CLRV) in the Philippines have not been tested for crashworthiness and testing of such comes with great amount of resources. These vehicles are used nationwide and creating a baseline for its standardization is a must to ensure safety of the passengers and its cargo. Thereupon, a study on crashworthiness of CLRV structures is imperative. The non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) approach to study crashworthiness was not a popular choice in the past due to technological constraints and the excessive cost it entails in comparison to the other approaches. But with today\u27s technological advancements, FEA modeling and analysis of large-scale structures are processes that can be executed. With that, the FEA Design Center Facility of the Metals Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC) was able to evaluate the crashworthiness of the CLRV. In this project, CAD and FEA models were created to simulate the actual crash testing used to evaluate its crashworthiness. The CAD and FEA construction are based on available engineering standards and the simulation aims to investigate the crashworthiness of the CLRV. The CAD model was constructed using a 3D scanner and reverse engineering tools such as Geomagic Design X and SIEMENS NX. The FEA model were developed in SIEMENS NX and imported to Pre-Sys VPG, which has set of tools for setting up the crash test simulations. © 2018 IEEE

Performance evaluation of 12Hp 4-stroke single cylinder diesel engine based on the Philippine standards

Presently, local demands for single cylinder engines used in agricultural equipment served thru importation. Our country is in complete dependence on other countries concerning supplying the prime movers for its primary source of power. The Department of Science and Technology initiated developing a 12Hp single cylinder diesel engine. And to make it acceptable to the user, performance evaluation of engine was conducted as necessary for their commercial operation. PAES 117:2000 is the basis of assessing the engine performance and tested at starting condition, varying load performance and during a continuous run. Based on the result, the average maximum power was rated 93.9% (8.42 kW). Likewise, the average fuel consumption was 3.15 L/hr. Also, the average continuous power as a percentage of the rated maximum power was 83.6% (7.48 kW). During the continuous running test, the average maximum noise level of the prototypes was 90.6 dB(A). It showed that the engine developed achieved the standard performance conditions and comparable to the leading brands of commercial engines of the same power rating. © 2018 IEEE

An optimized design of a PLC-based controlled microwave vacuum dryer for preliminary drying studies on rice bran

This study presents an optimized design of a PLC- based microwave vacuum dryer which was used to conduct preliminary investigation of the effects of drying parameters on the drying kinetics of rice bran. The study initially conducted a methodical analysis of the microwave chamber and its auxiliary attachments. Using CST Microwave Studio simulation software, it was seen that the best design for a 30-L MV chamber operating at 2.45 GHz is a cylindrical chamber with a radius of 202 mm, length of 400 mm, and with 2 perpendicular feeders located near the ends of the chamber. To achieve uniform product heating, a rotary drive assembly was incorporated into the system (i.e. mixing the product during the drying process). A PLC-based control box with HMI display was developed to constantly monitor the drying kinetics of rice bran. Subsequently, drying experiments were then carried out. The study successfully used fractional factorial design (FFD) with center points to model the interaction effects on MVD parameters on moisture extracted and color of rice bran. Experimental verification of the model resulted to 1.18% error of the actual versus predicted moisture extracted

Design of the Philippine jeepney for crashworthiness analysis: A finite element analysis approach

In this study, the crashworthiness analysis of the Philippine jeepney was successfully demonstrated using the finite element analysis approach. The Philippine jeepneys, or sometimes-called jeeps, are the most popular means of public transportation in the country. They are often known in the country as \u27King of the Road.\u27 Though commuting via jeepney is the cheapest option, there are a lot of cons. Jeepneys are often mechanically unsound due to their balding tires, crabbing and yawing from distorted subframes with poor emission. The FEA Design Center Facility of the Metals Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC) of the Department of Science and Technology was able to evaluate the vehicle crashworthiness using computer-aided design (CAD) and FEA models developed in SIEMENS NX. From the simulated impact analysis results, the current jeepney design is not well designed to absorb such crash impact. Thus, resulting in fatal injuries that may cause harm to its passengers. © 2018 IEEE